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Is GE's Wind Patent Portfolio Sustainable Without Future Licensing? General Electric Company (GE) has vastly outpaced all of their competitors in intellectual property (IP) protection in many industries, but particularly wind turbines. Data from our efforts in analyzing the landscape of issued patents and pending applications from the horizontal axis, utility-scale wind sector indicates just how far ahead they are. The chart below shows the totals of the published portfolios of patents and applications from the top companies in the US. The breadth of GE's portfolio has been a direct result of focusing of resources as well as past success in licensing and litigation. While we won't go so far as to say they are using the size of their IP portfolio as a scare tactic to get their competitors to license from them, the scope of their portfolio is certainly intimidating to those who have not taken to time to analyze it in depth. It is interesting to note that while they are better than the industry averages, GE's portfolio is not vastly superior to most of their competition on a percentage basis as it relates to the number of High risk patents and apps (3% for GE vs. 1% for the Industry) and Medium/High risk patents and apps (14% for GE vs. 10% for the Industry) represented on the chart above in red and orange respectively. However the scale that their portfolio has achieved affords them the luxury of having greater numbers of patents in key areas of technology. Put it another way, if 10% of a patent portfolio will be subject to assertion then it's better to have 1000 patents in the portfolio than 10 or even 100. Interestingly, they appear to use the patent process as a means of defensive publication, whereby they file on virtually every idea they generate internally in the hopes that they can get the patent, but even if the application is rejected they have prevented their competitors from patenting it out from under them. Their legal machine consisting of their in-house and outside counsels work to ensure a very high conversion rate from filings to issuances, based on the quality of claim construction during the drafting of the original application and personal engagement with the examiners to shepherd their applications through the process. They have also been one of the top utilizers of the "Green Patent Fast Track." Deeper analysis of their portfolio indicates the areas of focus for the components and technologies in their portfolio. Their component focus has been in those same areas which the industry has rallied around. Blade aero performance and structure, controls for performance optimization and load mitigation as well as electrical system reliability enhancement are all trends which are seen throughout every wind turbine OEM. A look at their technology focus indicates they are mostly in line with industry trends on this as well. Interestingly a comparison of the issued patents in their portfolio vs. the pending applications reveals some interesting trends as well. Here we offer a side-by-side comparison of the issued patents on the left and the pending applications on the right broken down by component keyword. The differences between the two charts indicate areas where innovation has occurred in the past vs. more recently. From this it is clear that while blades are the highest component on the cumulative chart, that is largely due to influx of innovation on swept blades, circulation control, as well as the serrated trailing edge being utilized on the new 1.6-100m platform. We also offer a side-by-side comparison of the issued patents on the left and the pending applications on the right broken down by technology keyword. It is clear that certain areas of technology development have been more important based on the same comparison logic discussed above. Performance optimization has dominated their product strategy in the past few years, and their patent portfolio reflects that trend. GE is also famous for identifying key technologies which are required within the industry at a future point in time, such as power factor control, VAR support or more recently curtailment, and then develop a multi-patent "fence" around those technologies. They also look to bracket around their competition with patents. This is accomplished by identifying the High or Medium/High risk patents or applications of their competitors and analyzing the weaknesses of those claims to determine areas of potential IP capture, coupled with assessment of competitive intelligence to determine where their competition is going technologically. Of course they are also known to get involved in cultivation of regulatory requirements and then subsequently patent a "system" which can regulate a wind turbine or farm to comply with that standard, potentially calling into question the allowable scope of protection obtained. In developing the breadth of this portfolio they have followed some basic tenets of IP strategy in seeking blanket protection in most areas of technology and components in the industry space. This is the result of their focused brainstorming sessions and engagement of a broad swath of engineering as well as internal and external Legal/IP team members to identify patentable inventions and complete invention disclosures and applications. These protocols, established in the mid-2000s have served them well in the last few years where the number of filings has doubled compared to previous years. This was enabled by the revenue generated from their successful licensing activities, although the ongoing Mitsubishi litigation is likely draining some of that benefit away. Nevertheless, one must ask if this pace is sustainable, since each application has a certain cost associated with it and the revenue generated from licensing must exist in order to justify the continued scope of the portfolio. The spike in filings starting in 2003 after the Enron Wind acquisition and again in 2008 with a focus on future licensing is reminiscent of the huge increase in the pace of filings from Aloys Wobben, Chairman of Enercon GmbH, in 2002 - 2003 after the settlement of the Kenetech/Zond/Enron Wind/GE International Trade Commission (ITC) matter in which they were effectively denied entry into the US market. The portfolio of Enercon patent filings proved to be unsustainable as is evidenced by the sharp drop-off in their number of filings per annum lately, in spite of new innovation being developed on their liquid cooled generator. Based on a patent budget calculator which we developed to assess the year-over-year costs for cultivation and maintenance of a patent portfolio, we have been able to determine the approximate costs for maintaining their portfolio. Certain assumptions had to be made in this analysis, so there is likely some variability in the cost, however we believe it to be accurate within an order of magnitude. Even though the patent landscape we have analyzed covered only the US, we know GE uses the US as their primary priority filing locale and their foreign filing strategy can be inferred from a look at the family members of their US patents. Assumptions are as follows: The majority of their filings are US, CN, and EP. Filings which were categorized as L or M will follow this protocol for cost calculation. Important inventions get filed in a broader scope of countries, specifically US, CN, EP, IN, MX, JP, KR, CA, BR and AU. Filings which were categorized as M/H or H will follow this protocol for cost calculation. Filings per annum used in the calculation from 2001 - 2010 were actual numbers. Filings prior to 2001 were not very significant and were excluded from the calculation for simplicity. Filings from 2010+ were assumed at the same average rate per annum from 2008 - 2010 for filings out until 2020. The results of this calculation based on the scope their portfolio and following the protocol outlined above shows that the cost is quite substantial particularly in the out years. In 2020 alone they will spend US$31M on prosecuting and maintaining their portfolio. Continued turbine sales as well as licensing will clearly be necessary to support that size of portfolio. With the expiration of a core patent in February of this year, US5083039 ('039), which covered field oriented control of an induction generator as well as dynamic VAR control at the turbine, a new suite of technologies has emerged technologically, but not necessarily on the assertive license front. Their recent acquisition of Converteam also adds to their portfolio of full power conversion and permanent magnet generator technology. This architecture is quickly becoming the most pervasively deployed platform amongst the wind turbine supply base. However, it remains to be seen if this technology architecture will be part of the next wave of assertion and licensing. If history has anything to say, then you can bet on future licensing, but the scope may be affected by the outcome of the ongoing Mitsubishi litigation. If GE is successful in upholding the validity of their patents against Mitsubishi then one will presume they will be emboldened to pursue licenses on the new technology platform. If Mitsubishi prevails, then we could see another round of lawsuits from the licensees of '039 and the other DFIG related technologies demanding their royalty payments back. This could leave GE gun-shy to broadly license the way they did with '039 and other related patents. To get a deeper look into the patent landscape of the horizontal axis, utility-scale wind industry please visit the Totaro & Associates website and ask about Wind Patent Watch, a subscription service providing a weekly digest and analysis of the published patents and applications from General Electric and the rest of the industry. Mr. Philip Totaro is the Principal at Totaro & Associates, a consulting firm focused on innovation strategy, competitive intelligence, product development and patent search. Mr. Totaro has experience in strategic planning as well as creating and protecting intellectual capital. He has worked for such companies as General Electric, United Technologies Corporation and most recently he oversaw Intellectual Property and Competitive Assessment for Clipper Windpower. He has helped cultivate and disposition over 450 innovations, and his assessment has led to over 250 issued patents. His strategic market analysis has led to the funding justification of over $500M in R&D investment and the development of multi-million dollar product and service offerings. He has provided legal and technical due-diligence for over $1B in M&A, including the recent takeover of Clipper Windpower by United Technologies Corporation.
10 Easy Steps to Succeed in Your Online Classes
Congratulations Youve made up our minds to pursue your upper schooling, and doing so online is how to pass if you have an interest in a versatile, studentcentered educating manner. Studying online permits you to pursue different pursuits and attend to different responsibilities whilst nonetheless operating your method towards some extent. However, it will now and again imply that its clean to get distracted. Here are 10 clean steps to verify luck on your online categories.
- Connect together with your instructors once conceivable.
Even in case you are doing smartly within the category, its extraordinarily vital to increase a rapport together with your trainer. When you do that early on, you temporarily understand what the priorities are within the route, what expectancies the professor has of you and youre going to be motivated to prevail, surer of whats forward and higher ready to do smartly with the impending subject material.
Valuable questions to invite your trainer come with the next
How versatile are you with time limits
How versatile are you with grownup freshmen
What applied sciences do you employ within the route
How to be had are you through e mail and different sorts of verbal exchange
How do you put up an internet neighborhood and what are the expectancies for participation in it
In addition, since instructors are to be had to lend a hand all over the classes, its all the time just right to have had private touch with the trainer early on. This method, when you wish to have lend a hand, its more straightforward to achieve out and get the help you wish to have.
- Confirm the technical necessities of the route.
Online categories can also be very advisable for college kids with busy schedules, however provided that they are able to simply get right of entry to the fabrics. It is vital to obviously perceive what the technical necessities are. So, ahead of the route begins or as quickly thereafter as conceivable, youll want to test that your pc will paintings with the entire online equipment, and that you understand how to navigate them. This will be sure that you dont must spend time all the way through the route attempting to determine the generation.
three. Create a time table and stick with it.
Quality online instructors create classes which might be clean to navigate and feature transparent expectancies. Having that roughly easytodealwith framework in position will make learning and succeeding that a lot more straightforward. However, although the framework and necessities of your category arent as transparent, youll create a time table and construction, which is able to very much fortify your probabilities of luck within the route. Using equipment equivalent to Google Calendar is a good way to start out. Knowing how your weeks and months glance and scheduling blocks of analysis time for each and every activity or module will will let you stick with a time table.
four. Ask questionsall the time.
When you dont perceive, ask questions. When you do perceive, ask additional questions. Instructors recognize scholars who take part, and if theres a participation or dialogue part a part of the grade, then asking high quality questions is helping guarantee your grade on this space. Even if there isnt a participation part, its all the time helpful to invite inquiries to remember to perceive the fabric and are transparent on what is needed of you.
five. Be arrangedand keep arranged.
Students whore taking conventional, campusbased classes most often have a constant time table to observe each and every week, through which study room instruction is adopted through assignments out of doors the category. However, for online classes, scholars will have to search out their very own techniques to stick on most sensible in their paintings. It is crucial that you just be arranged from the start of the semester with the intention to achieve success in an internet route. For instance mark task due dates on your calendar, discover a submitting machine for each online subject material and bodily subject material that is helping you stay monitor of the whole lot simply, and shed light on find out about schedules that duvet sections of the route one by one so youve got an arranged tactic to protecting the semesters subject material as you pass alongside.
- Have a blank, quiet, and constant workspace.
One factor online and inclass classes have in not unusual is that scholars all the time want a spot to review or whole assignments this is blank, quiet, and constant. You can select the place that is for youwhether or not its at a espresso store, a college library, a devoted place of business, or at house. Wherever you select to review and whole assignments, you must make it a constant location that doesnt have out of doors distractions. It is basically key that where is quiet and lets you focal point in your paintings with out distractions.
- Do no longer procrastinate.
Successful distance freshmen hardly procrastinate. They dont do away with assignments or wait till the final second to write down their papers. Successful online scholars experience freedoms that come with operating at their very own tempo and the facility to finish their paintings in as a lot time because it takes them. On the opposite hand, they know that finishing their assignments is best performed early and on time cramming merely doesnt paintings, and it doesnt will let you retain knowledge longterm. Get began early on getting a success.
eight. Work in your studying comprehension.
Successful distance freshmen generally tend to have just right studying comprehension abilities. Most conventional, campusbased scholars concentrate to lectures and take notes, and a few online classes additionally require this. However, the vast majority of distance freshmen are anticipated to grasp subject material thru a large amount of studying. Although far finding out classes be offering video recordings and audio clips, maximum systems require scholars to hide and grasp a considerable amount of written knowledge. If it is a problem for you, it could be very useful to first sign up in a studying comprehension route there are lots of assets online that will help you do that. This ability by myself could make a huge distinction on your luck.
nine. Establish and admire routines that be just right for you.
If, for instance, youre employed best within the morning or in brief bursts, then set find out about routines that can help you find out about within the prelunch hours when your mind is contemporary. If, then again, you do best through learning at evening or at the weekends when youll devote nightowl hours or longer blocks in your learning, then make it some degree to take action. Consider how and whilst you paintings best, and enforce a find out about plan that respects the routines that be just right for you.
- Connect together with your friends.
Establishing sturdy connections with friends and professors is a very powerful facet of tutorial luck, in addition to skilled development. One of essentially the most rewarding reports in schooling is finding out thru collaboration. Forming significant relationships together with your friends and professors can can help you be told extra, keep motivated, and feature an outlet to specific your personal working out of subject material. So, keep attached thru message forums, chat rooms, e mail, and different digital assets. And take note lots of the other people you meet in faculty shall be conceivable process assets down the road so determine connections and keep in contact
Florida National University gives a wealth of tutorial and professional online classes. Check out the entire choicesyour long run is ready
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